Skin issues are a common complication of diabetes. One in three people with diabetes will experience a skin issue that is either caused by or affected by diabetes. In those over age 75, the incidence of diabetes and skin complications is even higher. Diabetes Canada reports that rough, dry and scaly skin affects at least 75% of people with diabetes in that age bracket. Read on to learn more about diabetes and skin complications.
Highlights
- Diabetes can lead to several skin conditions, especially when blood sugar is high.
- Dry skin and infections are the most common issues.
- Certain skin changes can signal poor glucose control.
- Some conditions are unique to diabetes, such as diabetic blisters and necrobiosis lipoidica.
- Good diabetes management and daily skin checks can prevent many problems.
Sometimes skin changes are among the first warning signs of diabetes, while in other cases they develop when blood glucose levels are not well controlled.
Understanding the link between diabetes and skin health can help you recognize problems early and seek treatment if needed.
Why does diabetes affect the skin?
High blood sugar can affect the skin in several ways.
First, elevated glucose levels can cause the body to lose fluids through increased urination. This can lead to dry skin, which may crack and become irritated.
Second, diabetes can affect circulation, reducing blood flow to the skin. Poor circulation can slow healing and increase the risk of infection.
Third, high glucose levels can weaken the immune system, making it easier for bacterial and fungal infections to develop.
Together, these factors can contribute to a wide range of skin conditions.
Common skin problems in people with diabetes
Dry and itchy skin
Dry skin is one of the most common skin concerns for people with diabetes. It may cause itching, flaking, and cracking, particularly on the legs, feet, and elbows.
Scratching dry skin can damage the skin barrier and increase the risk of infection.
Bacterial infections
People with diabetes are more likely to develop bacterial infections such as:
- Boils
- Styes
- Infected hair follicles
- Nail infections
These infections can cause redness, swelling, warmth, and pain. They usually require treatment with antibiotics.
Fungal infections
Fungal infections are also common. One common cause is the yeast Candida albicans, which thrives in warm, moist areas.
Fungal infections may appear as itchy red rashes in areas such as:
- Under the breasts
- In the groin
- Between fingers and toes
- Around the nails
Athlete’s foot is another example.
Skin conditions more closely linked to diabetes
Diabetic dermopathy
Diabetic dermopathy appears as light brown, round patches on the shins. These patches may resemble age spots and are sometimes called “shin spots.”
The condition is harmless and usually does not require treatment.
Acanthosis nigricans
Acanthosis nigricans causes dark, thickened, velvety skin, typically on the neck, armpits, or groin.
This condition is commonly associated with insulin resistance and may occur in people with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes.
Eruptive xanthomatosis
Eruptive xanthomatosis is a less common condition that can occur when blood sugar and triglyceride levels are very high.
It causes small, firm, yellowish bumps on the skin, often surrounded by a red halo. These bumps commonly appear on:
- The buttocks
- The thighs
- The arms
- The back
The bumps may be itchy or tender. Improving blood glucose and lipid levels usually leads to resolution.
Diabetic blisters
Bullosis diabeticorum, also called diabetic blisters, is a rare condition that causes painless blisters on the hands, feet, fingers, or legs.
The blisters may look similar to burn blisters and can appear suddenly. Although they can be alarming, they typically heal on their own within a few weeks if the skin is kept clean and protected.
Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum
Another uncommon condition is Necrobiosis lipoidica.
This condition usually begins as small, reddish bumps that gradually develop into larger yellow-brown patches with a shiny surface. These patches most often appear on the lower legs.
The skin in these areas may become thin and more vulnerable to injury. In some cases, the patches can ulcerate.
While the exact cause is not fully understood, it is associated with diabetes and may be related to changes in small blood vessels.
Slow wound healing
Cuts, scrapes, and blisters may take longer to heal in people with diabetes. Reduced circulation and nerve damage can make wounds harder to detect and treat.
For this reason, even small wounds—especially on the feet—should be monitored closely.
3-Step Action Plan for Healthy Skin
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Keep blood glucose levels in target range
Maintaining good glucose control is one of the most effective ways to prevent diabetes-related skin problems. Stable blood sugar helps reduce dryness, infections, and slow healing.
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Protect and moisturize your skin
Healthy skin habits can make a big difference:
- Use mild soap and warm (not hot) water
- Moisturize daily, especially after bathing
- Dry skin folds carefully
- Avoid very hot baths or showers
Fragrance-free moisturizers are often best for sensitive or dry skin.
-
Check your skin regularly
Make it a habit to look at your skin every day, especially your feet. Watch for:
- Blisters
- Cuts or sores
- Rashes
- Redness or swelling
- New or unusual patches
If a skin problem does not improve within a few days, or if you notice signs of infection, contact your healthcare provider.
Skin problems are common in people living with diabetes, but many are manageable or preventable. Paying attention to skin changes, maintaining good blood sugar control, and practicing daily skin care can help protect your skin.
